Boa constrictor breeders tx7/23/2023 Comparison of the antibody responses in experimentally versus naturally reptarenavirus-infected animals indicated differences in the responses. Three of the four vaccinated snakes seemed to sustain challenge with the same reptarenavirus however, neither of the two snakes rechallenged with different reptarenaviruses remained uninfected. At 10 months postinoculation, all but one snake tested positive for viral RNA in lung, brain, and/or blood, but none exhibited the characteristic IBs. In a third attempt, we tested cohousing, vaccination, and sequential infection with multiple reptarenavirus isolates on boas ( n = 16). One of the snakes developed severe CNS signs we succeeded in reisolating the virus from the brain of this individual and could demonstrate viral antigen in neurons. During the 4 months following infection, snakes showed transient central nervous system (CNS) signs but lacked detectable IBs at the time of euthanasia. Next, we inoculated pythons ( n = 8) via the trachea. Viral RNAs but no IBs were detected in brains and lungs at 2 weeks postinoculation. First, we used pythons ( n = 8) to test two virus delivery routes: intraperitoneal injection and tracheal instillation. Here, we report experimental infections of Python regius ( n = 16) and Boa constrictor ( n = 16) with three reptarenavirus isolates. In 2017, BIBD was reproduced by cardiac injection of boas and pythons with reptarenaviruses, thus demonstrating a causative link between reptarenavirus infection and the disease. BIBD is associated with the formation of cytoplasmic inclusion bodies (IBs), which mainly comprise reptarenavirus nucleoprotein (NP). Boid inclusion body disease (BIBD) causes losses in captive snake populations globally.
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